London is roughly ten times the area of Paris within its inner ring, which makes travel time the constraint rather than the number of attractions. How to divide four days by geography, why free national museums change the arithmetic, and the authorisation you now need before you fly.
Venice is small enough to walk end to end in an hour, which misleads people into booking a day trip. Why two nights beats one long day, how the access fee changes the arithmetic on around 60 peak dates in 2026, and the registration step that catches even exempt visitors.
No rule stops you checking a laptop, yet the FAA advises against it and airlines limit liability for electronics in the hold. A look at the lithium battery rules, why cargo compartments are the concern, what happens when a cabin bag is gate checked, and when checking a machine is defensible.
Solid food passes screening without a quantity limit, while anything you can spread or pour falls under the 3.4 ounce liquids rule. A food by food guide to what clears the checkpoint, the grey areas officers judge differently, the baby food exemption and the powder threshold.
The four inch rule is measured from the pivot point rather than end to end, which is why a large looking pair can comply while a compact one fails. What clears the checkpoint, what belongs in the hold, the substitutes worth carrying instead and how the threshold changes abroad.
Perfume is one of the few items where the checked baggage rules matter as much as the carry-on ones, because fragrance is flammable and falls under FAA limits in the hold. Bottle sizes, the aggregate toiletry allowance, how the duty free exemption really works and why an atomiser solves all of it.
Carry-on size limits have not changed, but enforcement has, with automated sizers now flagging bags that passed by eye for years. What a gate check actually costs, the difference between voluntary and forced checking, and what has to come out of the bag before it goes to the hold.
There is no industry standard for the under-seat bag, and the variation between carriers is wider than most travellers expect. Airline by airline figures, why basic economy has made this the allowance that matters, what actually fits under a seat and how to buy a bag that never gets questioned.
Some terminals stay open all night, some close entirely after the last departure, and a few are genuinely comfortable. Where to find the seating that works, what to pack for a cold and brightly lit night, how to secure a bag while unconscious, and when the airline owes you a hotel instead.
Umbrellas clear US security without difficulty, yet golf umbrellas, pointed metal tips and loose full length models still cause problems at the gate. A look at what airlines count toward your allowance, when screening pulls an umbrella aside, and whether packing one is worth the space.
